Systems and methods for handling contextual queries

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for facilitating contextual queries based on media samples automatically captured by a computing device are disclosed herein. A server receives from a computing device over a communication network, a media sample of a media asset automatically captured by the computing device. The server obtains contextual information corresponding to the captured media sample. The server stores the media sample in a memory indexed by the contextual information. The server receives, from the computing device over the communication network, a query that includes a criterion but lacks an identifier of the media asset. The server identifies the media sample in the memory by matching the query criterion to the contextual information. The server generates a reply to the query based on the identifying of the media sample and communicates the reply to the computing device over the communication network.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to systems for handling queries lackingmedia asset identifiers, and more particularly to systems and relatedprocesses for facilitating contextual queries based on media samplesautomatically captured by a computing device.

SUMMARY

With the current advanced state of search engines, people have come toexpect instant, on-demand access to any information they desire, withminimal effort required of them to access such information. Indeed, onepopular search engine handles billions of search queries each day toprovide such information access. However, people are not satisfied bymerely receiving any search results for their queries; they expectaccurate, relevant search results. Search engines can often providerelevant search results for a query that includes a sufficient number ofrelevant identifiers. One technical challenge in providing relevantsearch results, however, arises when a searcher is unaware ofidentifiers relevant to their search. For example, someone may hear asong and wish to search for that song but not know its name. Similarly,someone may wish to obtain information about an event occurring at aparticular time and/or location but be unaware of any relevantidentifiers, such as the event name, that could form the basis of asearch query. Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a system thatcan generate accurate, relevant search results for queries that lackrelevant identifiers. Although present systems can sometimes accuratelyidentify, without any identifier-based query, a song presently beingcaptured by a smartphone, such systems are unable to handle queriesabout songs or other content that a user consumed at some time in thepast, queries about past events, and/or the like. Indeed, presentsystems lack a mechanism for keeping track of previously encounteredcontent or events, much less the contexts in which the content or eventswere encountered.

In view of the foregoing, the present disclosure provides systems andrelated processes that automatically monitor for the presence of mediaassets via a computing device, such as a smartphone, and keep track ofthe contexts in which the media assets were consumed. In this manner,the systems and processes of the present disclosure can handle queriesfrom a smartphone user about content that the user consumed at some timein the past, past events that the user previously encountered, and/orthe like, even when those queries lack relevant identifiers.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an illustrative methodfor facilitating contextual queries based on media samples automaticallycaptured by a computing device. For instance, the computing device, suchas a smartphone, may be configured to automatically (e.g., withoutrequiring user input) monitor its environment for media samples (e.g.,audio samples, video samples, image samples, and/or the like)periodically captured by its microphone or camera. The computing devicecan locally store and/or process the media sample and/or can communicatethe media sample to a server over a communication network for remotestorage and/or processing.

For each captured media sample, the computing device and/or server alsoobtains and stores, in one or more memories, contextual information thatindicates a context in which the computing device captured the mediasample. In various examples, the captured media sample(s) and thecontextual information may be stored in the same memory or in separatememories. The contextual information may include, for example, a timeidentifier indicating a time at which the computing device captured themedia sample, a location identifier indicating a location at which thecomputing device captured the media sample, an activity identifierindicating an activity (e.g., traveling in a taxi) that was occurringduring capture of the media sample, a device identifier indicating thata second device (e.g., a second smartphone) was near the computingdevice during capture of the media sample, and/or the like. The items ofcontextual information serve as indices to the media sample in thecomputing device memory and/or the server memory. By periodicallycapturing media samples and indexing those samples with contextualinformation in memory, the computing device helps assemble a databasethat can be used to generate responses to queries that includecontextual information but lack relevant identifiers.

The computing device receives a query entered by way of a userinterface, such as a touch screen, a microphone, and/or the like. Invarious embodiments, the computing device locally processes the queryand/or forwards the query to the server over the communication networkfor remote processing. Although the query includes one or more searchcriteria, it lacks an identifier of the media asset. The computingdevice identifies the media sample in memory by matching the querycriteria to the stored contextual information and generates a reply tothe query. Optionally, the server may identify the media sample,generate the query reply, and communicate that reply to the computingdevice over the communication network. The computing device presents thequery reply via its display and/or speakers.

In some aspects, the method also includes identifying a media asset ofthe captured media sample and/or media asset metadata corresponding tothe media asset. For example, if the captured media sample includes aportion of a song, the computing device and/or the server identify thesong and/or corresponding song metadata (e.g., a title, an artist, or analbum). In some instances, the song may be identified by generating amedia fingerprint (e.g., an audio fingerprint) based on the media sampleand identifying the media asset based on the media fingerprint. If themedia asset includes video content, the identifying the media asset inthe database based on the media fingerprint can include identifying, inthe database, an association between the video content and the audiofingerprint. For instance, the computing device may capture an audiosample of a movie and then identify the movie based on the audio sample.The computing device and/or the server link the media sample stored inthe memory to any corresponding media asset and/or media asset metadatathat may have been identified. In various embodiments, for instance,depending on what the query requests, the reply may include the mediasample itself, the media asset, an identifier of the media asset, themedia asset metadata, and/or the like.

As mentioned above, the contextual information may include a timeidentifier, which may be generated at the computing device based on atime indicated by a clock of the computing device when the media sampleis captured. The computing device may communicate the time identifier tothe server over the communication network for remote storage and/orprocessing. Alternatively, the server may generate the time identifierbased on a time when the media sample is received from the computingdevice.

The contextual information, in some examples, may include a locationidentifier. For instance, the computing device may generate the locationidentifier based on a location indicated by a geo-location subsystem(e.g., based on a global positioning system, such as GPS) of thecomputing device when the media sample is captured. The computing devicemay communicate the location identifier to the server over acommunication network for storage and/or processing.

In some aspects, the computing device that captured the media sample isassociated with one or more other computing devices, such as asmartphone that was located near the computing device during the mediasample capture and/or a smartphone that belongs to another user withwhom the computing device owner is linked via a social media platform.Accordingly, the contextual information sometimes includes an identifierof a second computing device associated with the first computing devicethat captured the media sample. In a circumstance where the secondcomputing device is located near the sample-capturing computing device,the sample-capturing computing device may determine that the secondcomputing device is nearby, and may identify the second computingdevice, through near-field communication between the two devices. In acircumstance where the users of the computing devices are linked via asocial media platform, the computing device may determine, based on asocial media application installed thereon, that the computing device isassociated with the second computing device. Optionally, the computingdevice may communicate the identifier of the second computing device tothe server over the communication network for remote storage and/orprocessing. Additionally or alternatively, the computing device and/orthe server may determine that the computing device is associated withthe second computing device by searching an online social media databasefor social media links involving the computing device and/or a socialmedia user account registered with the computing device.

As another example, the contextual information may include an activityidentifier indicating an activity that was underway during capture ofthe media sample. In one example, the activity identifier includestransportation information (e.g., indicating that the user of thecomputing device was traveling in a taxi or ride-sharing service duringcapture of the media sample). The computing device may obtain thetransportation information by way of a transportation applicationinstalled on the device or by receiving the transportation informationfrom an online transportation provider system. Optionally, the computingdevice may communicate the activity identifier to the server over thecommunication network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects and advantages of the disclosure will beapparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative scenario in which a contextual query may behandled in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative system for facilitatingcontextual queries, in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing details of the computing device andserver(s) of the system shown in FIG. 2 , in accordance with someillustrative embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for generating adatabase for facilitating contextual queries, in accordance with someembodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for automaticallycapturing media samples via a computer device, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 6 shows an example portion of a database for facilitatingcontextual queries, such as the database generated according to theprocess of FIG. 4 , in accordance with some aspects;

FIG. 7 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for obtaining atime identifier corresponding to a captured media sample, in accordancewith some embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 shows an example flowchart of a process for obtaining a locationidentifier corresponding to a captured media sample, in accordance withsome embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 9 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for obtaining anactivity identifier corresponding to a captured media sample, inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure;

FIG. 10 is an example flowchart of a process for obtaining an identifierof a second computing device that is associated with a first computingdevice that has captured a media sample, in accordance with someembodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 11 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for identifying amedia asset and/or other data that corresponds to a captured mediasample, in accordance with some aspects; and

FIG. 12 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process for generating areply to a contextual query, in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative scenario in which a contextual query may behandled in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.In diagram 100, Bob 104 hears a song 108 while out at lunch at arestaurant with Sally 106. Bob 104 is carrying a smartphone 110 thatautomatically and passively (e.g., without requiring input from Bob 104)captures a sample of the song 108 along with current contextualinformation (e.g., information about time, location, nearby smartphones,and/or the like). Sally 106 is also carrying a smartphone 112 that alsomay automatically and passively (e.g., without requiring input fromSally 106) capture a sample of the song 108 along with contextualinformation. In diagram 102, at some later time, after Bob 104 has leftthe restaurant, Bob 104 wishes to know what song was playing while theywere at the restaurant. Bob 104 enters into his smartphone 110 a query114 requesting the title of the song 108 that was playing while he washaving lunch with Sally 106. Although the query 114 includes contextualinformation, indicating a context in which the song was captured, thequery 114 lacks an identifier of the song. In accordance with theembodiments of the present disclosure, the smartphone 110 is able togenerate a query reply 116 identifying the song 108 based on thecontextual information included in the query 114.

As an example, based on the query language “when I was having lunch,”the smartphone 110 can identify a time window within which the song 108was captured by determining when Bob 104 was having lunch. For instance,the smartphone 110 may do this by: (1) identifying a time range duringwhich information about the location of the smartphone 110 (e.g.,obtained using location services) in conjunction with known restaurantlocations (e.g., obtained via map software) indicate that the smartphone110 (and by extension, Bob 104) was located at a restaurant and/or (2)obtaining from the smartphone 110 and/or from online payment recordsinformation indicating a time at which Bob 104 used a payment instrument(e.g., a mobile payment application on the smartphone 110, a creditcard, and/or the like) to complete a point-of-sale transaction at arestaurant. Additionally or alternatively, based on the query language“when I was . . . with Sally,” the smartphone 110 can identify a timewindow within which the song 108 was captured by determining when Bob104 was with Sally 106. For example, the smartphone 110 may haveautomatically and passively captured a wireless signal from thesmartphone 112 while the smartphones 110 and 112 were within anear-field communication range of one another and may have stored thattogether with the captured media sample. Additionally or alternatively,a server (not shown in FIG. 1 ) may separately capture information aboutthe location of both the smartphones 110 and 112 (e.g., obtained usinglocation services of each smartphone 110, 112). The server may thendetermine when Bob 104 was with Sally 106 by determining, based on thecaptured location information, when the smartphones 110 and 112 werenear one another (e.g., within a particular distance range).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative system 200 for facilitatingcontextual queries, in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure. The system 200 includes a computing device 202 (e.g., asmartphone, a smart speaker, and/or the like) and a geo-location system,which may include satellites 210 (e.g., based on a global positioningsystem, such as GPS), radiolocation transceivers 212, and/or the like,communicatively coupled to the computing device 202 by way ofcommunication paths 216 and/or 218, respectively. As described infurther detail elsewhere herein, the computing device 202 is configuredto automatically capture media samples 214 (e.g., audio samples, videosamples, image samples, and/or the like) to facilitate contextualqueries based on the captured media samples.

In some embodiments, the system 200 may also include a communicationnetwork 208 (e.g., the Internet) and one or more server(s) 204 and/orcloud-based storage 206 communicatively coupled to the computing device202 by way of the communication network 208. In this manner, the storageof data described herein may be performed at the computing device 202,at the server(s) 204, at the storage 206, and/or at any combinationthereof. Similarly, the processing of data described herein may beperformed at the computing device 202, at the server(s) 204, and/or atany combination thereof.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing illustrative details of the computingdevice 202 and server(s) 204 of the system 200 shown in FIG. 2 , inaccordance with some embodiments. Computing device 202, which may be asmartphone, a smart speaker, a laptop, and/or the like, includes I/Opath 302, control circuitry 304, user input interface 310, display 312,speaker(s) 314, microphone 316, camera 318, clock 328, and geo-locationsubsystem 334. Control circuitry 304 includes processing circuitry 306and storage 308. Server 204 includes I/O path 320, control circuitry322, and clock 332. Control circuitry 322 includes processing circuitry324 and storage 326. In various embodiments, a media asset database 330(described below) may be stored in storage 308, storage 326, and/orcloud storage 206. Additionally, as one of skill in the art willappreciate, various steps of the procedures herein (e.g., procedure 400)may be implemented by the computing device 202, the server(s) 204, thecloud storage 206, and/or any combination thereof. As described infurther detail below, clock 328 and/or clock 332 provide computingdevice 202 and/or server 204 with time information that is utilized inaccordance with procedures herein, and geo-location subsystem 330provides computing device 202 and/or server 204 with locationinformation that is utilized in procedures herein. Additional aspects ofthe components of computing device 202 and server 204 are describedbelow.

Control circuitry 304, 322 may be based on any suitable processingcircuitry such as processing circuitry 306, 324. As referred to herein,processing circuitry should be understood to mean circuitry based on oneor more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors,programmable logic devices, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., and may includea multi-core processor (e.g., dual-core, quad-core, hexa-core, or anysuitable number of cores) or supercomputer. In some embodiments,processing circuitry may be distributed across multiple separateprocessors or processing units, for example, multiple of the same typeof processing units (e.g., two Intel Core i9 processors) or multipledifferent processors (e.g., an Intel Core i7 processor and an Intel Corei9 processor). In some embodiments, control circuitry 304, 322 executesinstructions for an application stored in memory (e.g., storage 308,326). Specifically, control circuitry 304, 322 may be instructed by theapplication to perform the functions discussed above and below. Forexample, the application may provide instructions to control circuitry304, 322 to generate displays. In some implementations, any actionperformed by control circuitry 304, 322 may be based on instructionsreceived from the application.

Applications may be, for example, stand-alone applications implementedon computing devices. For example, the application may be implemented assoftware or a set of executable instructions which may be stored instorage 308, 326 and executed by control circuitry 304, 322 of computingdevice 202 and server 204, respectively. In some embodiments,applications may be client-server applications where only a clientapplication resides on the computing device, and server applicationresides on a remote server. For example, applications may be implementedpartially as a client application on control circuitry 304 of computingdevice 202 and partially on remote server 204 as a server applicationrunning on control circuitry 322 of the remote server 204. When executedby control circuitry 322 of the remote server 204, the application mayinstruct the control circuitry 322 to generate the application displaysand transmit the generated displays to the computing device 202. Theserver application may instruct the control circuitry 322 to transmitdata for storage on computing device 202. The client application mayinstruct control circuitry 304 of the receiving computing device 202 togenerate the application displays.

The application may be implemented using any suitable architecture. Forexample, it may be a stand-alone application wholly-implemented oncomputing device 202 or server 204. In such an approach, instructions ofthe application are stored locally (e.g., in storage 308, 326), and datafor use by the application is downloaded on a periodic basis (e.g., froman out-of-band feed, from an Internet resource, or using anothersuitable approach). Control circuitry 304, 322 may retrieve instructionsof the application from storage 308, 326 and process the instructions togenerate any of the displays discussed herein. Based on the processedinstructions, control circuitry 304, 322 may determine what action toperform when input is received from input interface 310. For example,movement of a cursor on a display up/down may be indicated by theprocessed instructions when input interface 310 indicates that anup/down button was selected.

In some embodiments, the application is a client-server-basedapplication. Data for use by a thick or thin client implemented oncomputing device 202 is retrieved on-demand by issuing requests to theserver 204 remote to computing device 202. In one example of aclient-server-based application, control circuitry 204 runs a webbrowser that interprets web pages provided by a remote server. Forexample, the remote server 204 may store the instructions for theapplication in storage 326. The remote server 204 may process the storedinstructions using control circuitry 322 and generate the displaysdiscussed above and below. The computing device 202 may receive thedisplays generated by the remote server 204 and may display the contentof the displays locally via display 312. This way, the processing of theinstructions is performed remotely by the server 204 while the resultingdisplays are provided locally on computing device 202. Computing device202 may receive inputs from the user via input interface 310 andtransmit those inputs to the remote server for processing and generatingthe corresponding displays. For example, computing device 202 maytransmit a communication to the remote server indicating that an up/downbutton was selected via input interface 310. The remote server mayprocess instructions in accordance with that input and generate adisplay of the application corresponding to the input (e.g., a displaythat moves a cursor up/down). The generated display is then transmittedto computing device 202 for presentation to the user.

In client-server-based embodiments, control circuitry 304 may includecommunications circuitry suitable for communicating with an applicationserver or other networks or servers (e.g., server 204). The instructionsfor carrying out the above-mentioned functionality may be stored on theapplication server. Communications circuitry may include a cable modem,an integrated services digital network (ISDN) modem, a digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modem, a telephone modem, Ethernet card, or awireless modem for communications with other equipment, or any othersuitable communications circuitry. Such communications may involve theInternet or any other suitable communications networks or paths. Inaddition, communications circuitry may include circuitry that enablespeer-to-peer communication of computing devices, or communication ofcomputing devices in locations remote from each other.

In some embodiments, the application is downloaded and interpreted orotherwise run by an interpreter or virtual machine (run by controlcircuitry 304). In some embodiments, the application may be encoded inthe ETV Binary Interchange Format (EBIF), received by control circuitry304 as part of a suitable feed, and interpreted by a user agent runningon control circuitry 304. For example, the application may be an EBIFapplication. In some embodiments, the application may be defined by aseries of JAVA-based files that are received and run by a local virtualmachine or other suitable middleware executed by control circuitry 304.In some of such embodiments (e.g., those employing MPEG-2 or otherdigital media encoding schemes), the application may be, for example,encoded and transmitted in an MPEG-2 object carousel with the MPEG audioand video packets of a program.

Computing device 202 and server 204 may transmit and receive content anddata via input/output (hereinafter “I/O”) paths 302 and 320,respectively. I/O path 302, 320 may provide content (e.g., broadcastprogramming, on-demand programming, Internet content, content availableover a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), and/or othercontent) and data to control circuitry 304, 322. Control circuitry 304,322 may be used to send and receive commands, requests, and othersuitable data using I/O path 302, 320 over wired communication pathsand/or wireless communication paths (e.g., paths 216 or 218 of FIG. 2 ).I/O path 302, 320 may connect control circuitry 304 and/or 322(specifically processing circuitry 306 and/or 324) to one or morecommunications paths (described below). Although FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 showsome communication paths as single paths to avoid overcomplicating thedrawing, I/O functions may be provided by way of one or multiplecommunications paths.

Memory may be an electronic storage device provided as storage 308 thatis part of control circuitry 304, storage 326 that is part of controlcircuitry 322, and/or as cloud storage 206. As referred to herein, thephrase “electronic storage device” or “storage device” should beunderstood to mean any device for storing electronic data, computersoftware, or firmware, such as random-access memory, read-only memory,hard drives, optical drives, digital video disc (DVD) recorders, compactdisc (CD) recorders, BLU-RAY disc (BD) recorders, BLU-RAY 3D discrecorders, digital video recorders (DVR, sometimes called a personalvideo recorder, or PVR), solid state devices, quantum storage devices,gaming consoles, gaming media, or any other suitable fixed or removablestorage devices, and/or any combination of the same. Storage 208 may beused to store various types of content and/or metadata described herein.Nonvolatile memory may also be used (e.g., to launch a boot-up routineand other instructions). Cloud-based storage, such as cloud storage 206,may be used to supplement storage 308 and/or 326 or instead of storage308 and/or 326.

In some embodiments, computing device 202 may operate in a cloudcomputing environment to access cloud services, for example, by way ofserver 204 and/or cloud storage 206. In a cloud computing environment,various types of computing services for content sharing, storage ordistribution (e.g., video sharing sites or social networking sites) areprovided by a collection of network-accessible computing and storageresources (e.g., a combination of servers 204 and/or cloud storage 206),referred to as “the cloud.” For example, the cloud can include acollection of server computing devices, which may be located centrallyor at distributed locations, that provide cloud-based services tovarious types of users and devices connected via a network such as theInternet via communications network 208. These cloud resources mayinclude one or more media asset databases 330. In addition or in thealternative, the remote computing sites may include other computingdevices. For example, the other computing devices may provide access toa stored copy of a video or a streamed video. In such embodiments,computing devices may operate in a peer-to-peer manner withoutcommunicating with a central server.

The cloud provides access to services, such as content storage, contentsharing, or social networking services, among other examples, as well asaccess to any content described above, for computing devices. Servicescan be provided in the cloud through cloud computing service providers,or through other providers of online services. For example, thecloud-based services can include a content storage service, a contentsharing site, a social networking site, or other services via whichuser-sourced content is distributed for viewing by others on connecteddevices. These cloud-based services may allow a computing device tostore content to the cloud and to receive content from the cloud ratherthan storing content locally and accessing locally-stored content.

Cloud resources may be accessed by a computing device using, forexample, a web browser, an application, a desktop application, a mobileapplication, and/or any combination of access applications of the same.The computing device may be a cloud client that relies on cloudcomputing for application delivery, or the computing device may havesome functionality without access to cloud resources. For example, someapplications running on the computing device may be cloud applications,i.e., applications delivered as a service over the Internet, while otherapplications may be stored and run on the computing device. In someembodiments, a user device may receive content from multiple cloudresources simultaneously. For example, a user device can stream audiofrom one cloud resource while downloading content from a second cloudresource. Or a user device can download content from multiple cloudresources for more efficient downloading. In some embodiments, computingdevices can use cloud resources for processing operations such as theprocessing operations performed by processing circuitry described inrelation to FIG. 3 .

In various embodiments, one or more media asset databases 330 may bestored in whole or in part in storage 308, storage 330, and/or cloudstorage 330. Media asset database 330 stores media assets, media assetmetadata, media asset fingerprints, and/or the like, which are utilizedin accordance with the procedures herein. Media asset database 330 mayalso include one or more types of content distribution equipmentincluding a television distribution facility, cable system headend,satellite distribution facility, programming sources (e.g., televisionbroadcasters, such as NBC, ABC, HBO, etc.), intermediate distributionfacilities and/or servers, Internet providers, on-demand media servers,and other content providers. NBC is a trademark owned by the NationalBroadcasting Company, Inc., ABC is a trademark owned by the AmericanBroadcasting Company, Inc., and HBO is a trademark owned by the Home BoxOffice, Inc. Media asset database 330 may be the originator of content(e.g., a television broadcaster, a Webcast provider, etc.) or may not bethe originator of content (e.g., an on-demand content provider, anInternet provider of content of broadcast programs for downloading,etc.). Media asset database 330 may include cable sources, satelliteproviders, on-demand providers, Internet providers, over-the-top contentproviders, or other providers of content. Media asset database 330 mayalso include a remote media server used to store different types ofcontent (including video content selected by a user), in a locationremote from any of the computing devices. Systems and methods for remotestorage of content and providing remotely stored content to userequipment are discussed in greater detail in connection with Ellis etal., U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,892, issued Jul. 20, 2010, which is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Control circuitry 304, 322 may include video generating circuitry andtuning circuitry, such as one or more analog tuners, one or more MPEG-2decoders or other digital decoding circuitry, high-definition tuners, orany other suitable tuning or video circuits or combinations of suchcircuits. Encoding circuitry (e.g., for converting over-the-air, analog,or digital signals to MPEG signals for storage) may also be provided.Control circuitry 304, 322 may also include scaler circuitry forupconverting and downconverting content into the preferred output formatof the computing device 202. Circuitry 304, 322 may also includedigital-to-analog converter circuitry and analog-to-digital convertercircuitry for converting between digital and analog signals. The tuningand encoding circuitry may be used by the computing device to receiveand to display, to play, or to record content. The circuitry describedherein, including for example, the tuning, video generating, encoding,decoding, encrypting, decrypting, scaler, and analog/digital circuitry,may be implemented using software running on one or more general purposeor specialized processors. Multiple tuners may be provided to handlesimultaneous tuning functions (e.g., watch and record functions,picture-in-picture (PIP) functions, multiple-tuner recording, etc.). Ifstorage 308 is provided as a separate device from computing device 202,the tuning and encoding circuitry (including multiple tuners) may beassociated with storage 308.

A user may send instructions to control circuitry 304, 322 using userinput interface 310. User input interface 310 may be any suitable userinterface, such as a remote control, mouse, trackball, keypad, keyboard,touch screen, touchpad, stylus input, joystick, voice recognitioninterface, or other user input interfaces. Display 312 may be providedas a stand-alone device or integrated with other elements of each one ofcomputing device 202 and server 204. For example, display 312 may be atouchscreen or touch-sensitive display. In such circumstances, userinput interface 310 may be integrated with or combined with display 312.Display 312 may be one or more of a monitor, a television, a liquidcrystal display (LCD) for a mobile device, amorphous silicon display,low temperature poly silicon display, electronic ink display,electrophoretic display, active matrix display, electro-wetting display,electrofluidic display, cathode ray tube display, light-emitting diodedisplay, electroluminescent display, plasma display panel,high-performance addressing display, thin-film transistor display,organic light-emitting diode display, surface-conductionelectron-emitter display (SED), laser television, carbon nanotubes,quantum dot display, interferometric modulator display, or any othersuitable equipment for displaying visual images. In some embodiments,display 312 may be HDTV-capable. In some embodiments, display 312 may bea 3D display, and the interactive application and any suitable contentmay be displayed in 3D. A video card or graphics card may generate theoutput to the display 312. The video card may offer various functionssuch as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics,MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiplemonitors. The video card may be any processing circuitry described abovein relation to control circuitry 304. The video card may be integratedwith the control circuitry 304. Speakers 314 may be provided asintegrated with other elements of each one of computing device 202 andserver 204 or may be stand-alone units. The audio component of videosand other content displayed on display 312 may be played throughspeakers 314. In some embodiments, the audio may be distributed to areceiver (not shown), which processes and outputs the audio via speakers314.

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process 400 for generatinga database for facilitating contextual queries, in accordance with someembodiments of the disclosure. As one of skill in the art willappreciate, various steps of the procedure 400, as well as the otherprocedures herein, may be implemented by the computing device 202, theserver(s) 204, the cloud storage 206, and/or any combination thereof. Atblock 402, control circuitry 304 automatically captures, withoutrequiring user input, a media sample 214 from the environmentsurrounding the computing device 202. For example, control circuitry 304may capture an audio sample 214 by way of microphone 316, and/or a videosample or image sample by way of camera 318. Additional detailsregarding how control circuitry 304 may capture media sample 214 areprovided in the context of FIG. 5 .

At block 404, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 obtainscontextual information corresponding to the media sample 214 that wascaptured at block 402. The contextual information indicates a context inwhich control circuitry 304 of computing device 202 captured the mediasample 214. For example, the contextual information may include a timeidentifier that indicates a time at which (or time window within which)the media sample 214 was captured, a location identifier that indicatesa location at which (or location range within which) the media sample214 was captured, an activity identifier that indicates an activity(e.g., traveling in a taxi or on a train, eating at a restaurant, and/orthe like) that was underway during capture of the media sample 214, anidentifier of a second computing device indicating an acquaintance whowas present during capture of the media sample 214, and/or the like.Additional details regarding example types of contextual information andhow contextual information may be obtained at block 404 are provided inthe context of FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , and FIG. 10 . As oneof skill in the art will appreciate, in various embodiments thedifferent types of contextual information described in FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 ,FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , and FIG. 10 (e.g., time information, locationinformation, activity information, associated device information, and/orthe like) may be employed individually or in any combination.

In some embodiments, where the one or more server(s) 204 are configuredto store and/or process the captured media sample 214, at block 406,control circuitry 202 communicates the media sample 214 that wascaptured at block 402, and/or an identifier of the media sample 214, toserver(s) 204 by way of I/O path 302, communication network 208, and I/Opath 320. At block 408, control circuitry 304 stores the captured mediasample 214 and/or the identifier of the media sample, in a memory suchas storage 308, indexed by the contextual information. Although in someexamples the captured media sample itself is stored at block 408, inother examples the identifier of the captured media sample is storedinstead of the captured media sample itself. In various aspects, thecaptured media sample 214, the media sample identifier, and/or thecontextual information may be stored in the same memory or in separatememories (e.g., storage 308, storage 326, and/or cloud storage 206).Additionally or alternatively, for example, to avoid overutilizing localstorage 308 and/or local processing circuitry 306, control circuitry 304communicates the media sample 214 and/or media sample identifier tocloud storage 206 and/or to server storage 326 over communicationnetwork 208 for remote storing and/or processing.

In some embodiments, and as described in further detail in the contextof FIG. 5 , the storing of the media sample 214 and/or media sampleidentifier at block 408 is repeated periodically or in response tocomputing device 202 detecting a trigger event. In this manner, themedia sample 214 and/or media sample identifier stored at block 408represents one entry of a database, having multiple entries of mediasamples and/or related information, that is generated and maintained tofacilitate responses to contextual queries relating to the mediasamples. Additional details regarding an illustrative database of mediasample entries are provided in the context of FIG. 6 .

At block 410, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 searchone or more media asset databases 330 (e.g., which may be includedwithin storage 308, storage 326, and/or cloud storage 206) for a mediaasset and/or other data that relates to the media sample 214 captured atblock 402. Additional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 may perform, at block 410, the database search forthe related media asset and/or other data are provided in the context ofFIG. 11 .

At block 412, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322determines a next step in process 400 to be executed based on a returnedresult of the database search conducted at block 410 indicating whetherthe search turned up any media asset and/or other data that relates tothe captured media sample 214. If the database search did not yield anymedia asset and/or other data that relates to the captured media sample214 (“NO” at block 412), then control passes to block 418 describedbelow. If the database search does yield a media asset and/or other datathat relates to the captured media sample 214 (“YES” at block 412), thencontrol passes to block 414.

In some embodiments, where the one or more server(s) 204 are configuredto store and/or process the media asset or other data obtained from thedatabase search conducted at block 410, at block 414, control circuitry202 communicates the media asset or other data obtained from thedatabase search, to server(s) 204 by way of I/O path 302, communicationnetwork 208, and I/O path 320. At block 416, control circuitry 304stores the media asset or other data obtained from the database searchat block 410 in storage 308 in association with the media sample 214and/or media sample identifier stored at block 408. Additionally oralternatively, for example, to avoid overutilizing local storage 308and/or local processing circuitry 306, control circuitry 304communicates the media asset or other data obtained from the databasesearch at block 410 to cloud storage 206 and/or to server storage 326over communication network 208 for remote storing and/or processing.

At block 418, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322determine whether to delete the media sample 214 entry created when themedia sample 214 and/or media sample identifier was stored at block 408.In one example, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 maybe configured (e.g., based on a software setting) to delete the entry ifthe database search at block 412 did not yield any media asset and/orother data that relates to the captured media sample 214, to conservestorage space, for instance. In another example, control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 may be configured to continue to store theentry even if the database search at block 412 did not yield any mediaasset and/or other data that relates to the captured media sample 214,to facilitate playback of the media sample. If control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 are configured to delete the entry if thedatabase search at block 412 did not yield any media asset and/or otherdata that relates to the captured media sample 214, then, if control waspassed from block 412 directly to block 418, control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 determine that the entry should be deleted(“YES” at block 418) and control is passed to block 420 at which theentry is deleted. If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322are configured to keep the entry even if the database search at block412 did not yield any media asset and/or other data that relates to thecaptured media sample 214, then, if control was passed from block 412directly to block 418, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry322 determine that the entry should not be deleted (“NO” at block 418)and control is passed back to block 402 to capture another media samplein the manner described above.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322are configured to delete the entry after a certain expiration period haspassed, for example, to conserve storage space. For instance, whencreating the entry by storing the media sample at block 408, controlcircuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 may also store an expirationdate and/or time. Then, if control was passed to block 418 by way ofblock 416 (as opposed to directly from block 412), control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 read the expiration date and/or time in thememory to determine whether the entry has expired and should be deleted.If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 determine that theentry is expired and should be deleted (“YES” at block 418), thencontrol passes to block 420 at which the entry is deleted. If controlcircuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 determine that the entry hasnot expired should not be deleted (“NO” at block 418), then controlpasses back to block 402 to capture another media sample in the mannerdescribed above.

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative flowchart of process 402, showingadditional details regarding how control circuitry 304 may automaticallycapture media sample 214 at block 402 (FIG. 4 ), in accordance with someembodiments. At block 502, control circuitry 304 determines whether amedia sample capture is triggered. In some aspects, control circuitry304 is configured to sequentially capture media samples according to apredetermined (or configurable) time period. Accordingly, in such acase, capture of a media asset may be triggered at the start of each newtime period. Additionally or alternatively, control circuitry 304 may beconfigured to capture media assets in response to detection of anothertype of trigger event, such as a sound level above a certain soundpressure level (e.g., in decibels) being captured via microphone 316. Ifcontrol circuitry 304 determines that a media sample capture is nottriggered (“NO” at block 502), then control passes to block 504, atwhich—control circuitry 304 waits for some period of time, after whichcontrol passes back to block 502 to repeat the trigger determinationprocess. If, on the other hand, control circuitry 304 determines that amedia sample capture is triggered (“YES” at block 502), then controlpasses to block 506.

At block 506, control circuitry 304 begins capturing media sample 214.For example, control circuitry 304 begins to store in storage 308 anaudio sample received by way of microphone 316 or begins to store instorage 308 an image sample or video sample received by way of camera318. At block 508, control circuitry 304 determines whether to stopcapturing media sample 214. For instance, in some aspects, controlcircuitry 304 may be configured to capture media samples of a certainsize and/or duration. The size and/or duration may vary based on mediasample type, for example, to ensure a media sample size large enough toenable identification of the media sample. Additionally oralternatively, control circuitry 304 may be configured to capture mediasamples as long as a trigger condition remains detected (e.g., as longas a sound level above a certain sound pressure level (e.g., indecibels) remains continuously captured via microphone 316). If controlcircuitry 304 determines not to stop capturing media sample 214 (“NO” atblock 508), then control passes to block 510, at which control circuitry304 waits for some period of time, after which control passes back toblock 508 to repeat the capture ending determination process. If, on theother hand, control circuitry 304 determines to stop capturing mediasample 214 (“YES” at block 508), then control passes to block 512 atwhich control circuitry 304 ceases the capturing of media sample 214.

In some aspects, control circuitry 304 determines at block 514 whetherto delete the captured media sample 214. For example, control circuitry304 may be configured to process the captured media sample 214 (e.g., asdescribed in the context of FIG. 11 ) to determine whether the mediasample 214 corresponds to some media asset (e.g., a song, a movie, animage, a voice command, and/or the like) and delete the media sample 214if it does not correspond to some media asset. Alternatively, controlcircuitry 304 may be configured to communicate the captured media sample214 to control circuitry 322 for such processing and/or storage tofacilitate later processing. In this manner, storage utilization may beconserved by only storing media samples that correspond to media assetsand deleting other media samples. If control circuitry 304 determines todelete the captured media sample 214 (“DELETE” at block 514), thencontrol passes to block 516, at which control circuitry 304 and/or 322delete the captured media sample 214. If, on the other hand, controlcircuitry 304 determines not to delete the captured media sample 214(“STORE” at block 514), then control passes to block 518.

At block 518, control circuitry 304 generates a media sample identifierunique to the captured media sample 214, and at block 520, controlcircuitry 304 stores the media sample identifier and/or the media sample214 in storage 308. Additionally or alternatively, control circuitry 304may communicate the media sample 214 and/or media sample identifier tocloud storage 206 and/or to server storage 326 over communicationnetwork 208 for remote storing and/or processing. Following block 520,control passes back to block 502 to determine whether capture of anothermedia sample is triggered in the manner described above.

FIG. 6 shows example entries of a database 600 for facilitatingcontextual queries, such as the database that may be generated accordingto the process 400 of FIG. 4 , in accordance with some aspects herein.Among other things, FIG. 6 illustrates example types of contextualinformation, and FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , and FIG. 10 illustrateexample processes of obtaining at block 404 (FIG. 4 ) different types ofcontextual information, such as time information (FIG. 7 ), locationinformation (FIG. 8 ), activity information (FIG. 9 ), associated deviceinformation (FIG. 10 ), and/or the like. The database 600 includesentries 630-1 through 630-8 (collectively 630), each of whichcorresponding to a media sample (e.g., media sample 214) that wascaptured during an iteration of block 402 of FIG. 4 . Each of theentries 630 includes a number of fields in which data is stored inassociation with the respective captured media samples. Although FIG. 6shows particular fields, it should be understood that the particularfields shown in FIG. 6 are provided by way of example and notlimitation. Certain of the fields shown in FIG. 6 may be omitted in someaspects. In the example of FIG. 6 , each of the entries in 630 includesa media sample identifier field 602, a media sample fingerprint field604, a capturing device identifier field 606, a time identifier field608, a location identifier field 610, an activity identifier field 612,an associated device identifier field 614, a media sample link field616, a media asset identifier field 618, media asset metadata fields 620(including a title field 620-1, an album field 620-2, and an artistfield 620-3), a media asset link field 622, a media asset fingerprintfield 624, an event identifier field 626, and an expiration date/timefield 628. Each of the fields of the entries 630 stores a particulartype of data, as described elsewhere herein.

FIG. 7 includes a flowchart of an illustrative process 404-1, showingadditional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 may obtain contextual information at block 404 (FIG. 4 ),in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, in the example ofprocess 404-1, the contextual information includes time informationassociated with the capturing of the media asset 214 at block 402 (FIG.4 ), such as information indicating a time during which computing device202 was capturing media sample 214. In various aspects, computing device202 (e.g., control circuitry 304) and/or server(s) 204 (e.g., controlcircuitry 322) may be configured to generate the time information inprocess 404-1. If computing device 202 (e.g., control circuitry 304) isconfigured to generate the time information (“COMPUTING DEVICE TIME” atblock 702), then control passes to block 704. If one or more ofserver(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry 322) are configured to generatethe time information (“SERVER TIME” at block 702), then control passesto block 714.

Before continuing describing block 704, reference will briefly be madeto FIG. 4 . Although FIG. 4 shows that contextual information isobtained at block 404 after media sample 214 is captured at block 402,in some aspects the contextual information may be obtained at block 404concurrently with the capturing of the media sample 214. For instance,with reference to FIG. 5 , control circuitry 304 may be configured tocapture and store in storage 308 contextual information (e.g., a starttime, indicated by clock 328, at which capturing of media sample 214began) when capture of media sample 214 begins at block 506 and maycapture and store in storage 308 contextual information (e.g., an endtime, indicated by clock 328, at which capturing of media sample 214ceased) when capture of media sample 214 stops at block 512. Referringback to block 704, control circuitry 304 retrieves time informationassociated with the captured media sample 214. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may retrieve the time information from clock 328 of thecomputing device 202 (e.g., indicating a current time during or shortlyafter capture of media sample 214 at block 402 (FIG. 4 )) and/or fromstorage 308 (e.g., stored at block 506 and/or block 512 in the mannerdescribed above). At block 706, control circuitry 304 generates a timeidentifier based on the time information retrieved at block 704. Thetime identifier generated at block 706 may be a copy of the timeinformation retrieved at block 704 or may be derived from the timeinformation retrieved at block 704. For instance, the time identifiermay include a start time, an end time, and/or a time windowcorresponding to capture of the media sample 214 at block 402.

At block 708, control circuitry 304 determines whether the timeidentifier generated at block 706 is to be stored locally in storage 308of computing device 202 or remotely in storage 326 of server 204 and/orcloud storage 206. If the time identifier is to be stored locally(“COMPUTING DEVICE” at block 708), then control passes to block 710, atwhich control circuitry 304 stores the time identifier in storage 308 inassociation with the media sample identifier 602 of media sample 214,for example, under the time identifier field 608 for entry 630-1 (FIG. 6). If the time identifier is to be stored remotely (“SERVER/CLOUD” atblock 708), then control passes to block 712, at which control circuitry304 communicates the time identifier to server 204 and/or cloud storage206 via communication network 208 for storage at block 720 (describedbelow).

If control was passed from block 702 to block 714 (“SERVER TIME” atblock 702), then at block 714 control circuitry 322 receives thecaptured media sample 214 and/or the corresponding media sampleidentifier from computing device 202 over communication network 208. Atblock 716, control circuitry 322 retrieves time information from clock332 of the server 204 (e.g., indicating a current time at which controlcircuitry 322 received the captured media sample 214 and/or media sampleidentifier at block 714. At block 718, control circuitry 322 generates atime identifier based on the time information retrieved at block 716.The time identifier generated at block 718 may be a copy of the timeinformation retrieved at block 716, or may be derived from the timeinformation retrieved at block 716. For instance, control circuitry 322may generate, as the time identifier based on the time informationretrieved at block 716, a start time, an end time, and/or a time windowcorresponding to capture of the media sample 214 at block 402. Ifcontrol was passed to block 720 by way of block 718, then at block 720,control circuitry 322 stores in storage 326 and/or cloud storage 206,the time identifier generated at block 718. If control was passed toblock 720 by way of block 712, then at block 720, control circuitry 322stores in storage 326 and/or cloud storage 206, the time identifiercommunicated to server 204 at block 712.

FIG. 8 includes a flowchart of another illustrative process 404-2,showing additional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 may obtain contextual information at block 404(FIG. 4 ), in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, inprocess 404-2, the contextual information includes location informationassociated with the capturing of the media asset 214 at block 402 (FIG.4 ), such as information indicating a location of the computing device202 while computing device 202 was capturing media sample 214 at block402. In various aspects, computing device 202 (e.g., control circuitry304) and/or server(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry 322) may beconfigured to generate the location information in process 404-2. Ifcomputing device 202 (e.g., control circuitry 304) is configured togenerate the location information (“COMPUTING-DEVICE-DETERMINED” atblock 802), then control passes to block 804. If one or more ofserver(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry 322) are configured to generatethe location information (“SERVER-DETERMINED” at block 802), thencontrol passes to block 814.

At block 804, control circuitry 304 obtains location informationassociated with the captured media sample 214. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may obtain the location information from geo-locationsubsystem 334 working in conjunction with a geo-location system, such assatellites 210 (e.g., based on a global positioning system, such as GPS)and/or radiolocation transceivers 212, of system 200 (FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 ).The location information indicates a location or range of locations ofcomputing device 202 during or shortly after capture of media sample 214at block 402 (FIG. 4 ). In some examples, if location information isstored at block 506 and/or block 512 in the manner described above,control circuitry 304 may retrieve the location information from storage308 at block 804. At block 806, control circuitry 304 generates alocation identifier based on the location information retrieved at block804. The location identifier generated at block 806 may be a copy of thelocation information obtained at block 804 or may be derived from thelocation information retrieved at block 804. For instance, the locationidentifier may include a start location, an end location, and/or a rangeof locations of computing device 202 during capture of media sample 214at block 402.

At block 808, control circuitry 304 determines whether the locationidentifier generated at block 806 is to be stored locally in storage 308of computing device 202 or remotely in storage 326 of server 204 and/orcloud storage 206. If the location identifier is to be stored locally(“COMPUTING DEVICE” at block 808), then control passes to block 810, atwhich control circuitry 304 stores the location identifier in storage308 in association with the media sample identifier 602 of media sample214, for example, under the location identifier field 610 for entry630-1 (FIG. 6 ). If the location identifier is to be stored remotely(“SERVER/CLOUD” at block 808), then control passes to block 812, atwhich control circuitry 304 communicates the location identifier toserver 204 and/or cloud storage 206 via communication network 208 forstorage at block 820 (described below).

If control was passed from block 802 to block 814 (“SERVER-DETERMINED”at block 802), then at block 814 control circuitry 322 receives acommunication (e.g., including the captured media sample 214 and/or thecorresponding media sample identifier) from computing device 202 overcommunication network 208. At block 816, control circuitry 322determines a location of computing device 202 at or near a time whencomputing device 202 captured media sample 214. For example, controlcircuitry 322 may determine computing device 202 location based on data(e.g., an IP address) included in the communication received at block814. At block 818, control circuitry 322 generates a location identifierbased on the location determined at block 818. The location identifiergenerated at block 818 may include a location of computing device 202when it began capturing media sample 214, when it ceased capturing mediasample 214, and/or at some time in between the beginning and end ofmedia sample 214 capture at block 402. If control was passed to block820 by way of block 818, then at block 820, control circuitry 322 storesin storage 326 and/or cloud storage 206, the location identifiergenerated at block 818. If, on the other hand, control was passed toblock 820 by way of block 812, then at block 820, control circuitry 322stores in storage 326 and/or cloud storage 206, the location identifiercommunicated to server 204 at block 812.

FIG. 9 includes a flowchart of another illustrative process 404-3,showing additional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 may obtain contextual information at block 404(FIG. 4 ), in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, inprocess 404-3, the contextual information includes activity informationassociated with the capturing of the media asset 214 at block 402 (FIG.4 ), such as information indicating an activity that a carrier of thecomputing device 202 was engaging in while computing device 202 wascapturing media sample 214 at block 402. In various aspects, computingdevice 202 (e.g., control circuitry 304) and/or server(s) 204 (e.g.,control circuitry 322) may be configured to generate the activityinformation in process 404-3. If computing device 202 (e.g., controlcircuitry 304) is configured to generate the location information(“COMPUTING-DEVICE-DETERMINED” at block 902), then control passes toblock 904. If one or more of server(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry 322)are configured to generate the activity information (“SERVER-DETERMINED”at block 902), then control passes to block 914.

At block 904, control circuitry 304 obtains activity informationassociated with the captured media sample 214. For example, controlcircuitry 304 may obtain the activity information based on locationinformation obtained from geo-location subsystem 334 working inconjunction with a geo-location system, such as satellites 210 (e.g.,based on a global positioning system, such as GPS) and/or radiolocationtransceivers 212, of system 200 (FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 ). For example, thelocation information may indicate a location or range of locations ofcomputing device 202 during or shortly after capture of media sample 214at block 402 (FIG. 4 ). Control circuitry 304 may be configured todetermine an activity that the person carrying computing device 202 wasengaging in based on the location information. For instance, controlcircuitry 304 may be configured to determine whether the person wastraveling in an automobile, on a train, and/or the like bycross-referencing the location of computing device 202 over time with ageographical software map including roadways, transit paths, and/or thelike. Additionally or alternatively, control circuitry 304 may beconfigured to determine that the person was eating in a restaurant bycross-referencing the location of computing device 202 over time with ageographical software map including restaurant locations. Controlcircuitry 304 may further be configured to determine that the person waseating lunch at the restaurant based on a search of the time (e.g., asdetermined above in the context of FIG. 7 ) during which the computingdevice 202 was present in the restaurant. For instance, if the computingdevice 202 was present in the restaurant within a range of morninghours, control circuitry 304 may conclude that the person was eatingbreakfast at that time. If the computing device 202 was present in therestaurant within a range of midday hours, control circuitry 304 mayconclude that the person was eating lunch at that time. If the computingdevice 202 was present in the restaurant within a range of eveninghours, control circuitry 304 may conclude that the person was eatingdinner at that time. As another example, at block 904 control circuitry304 may obtain the activity information from a transportationapplication, such as a ride-sharing application installed on computingdevice 202, indicating that the person was in transit in a taxi duringcapture of the media sample 214.

In some aspects, if contextual information (particularly activityinformation) was stored in the manner described above at block 506and/or block 512, during capturing of media sample 214, then at block904 control circuitry 304 may retrieve the activity information fromstorage 308. At block 906, control circuitry 304 generates an activityidentifier based on the activity information obtained at block 904. Theactivity identifier generated at block 906 may be a copy of the activityinformation obtained at block 904 or may be derived from the activityinformation obtained at block 904. For instance, the activity identifiermay include an activity start time or location, an activity end time orlocation, and/or a range of times or locations of computing device 202during which the activity was ongoing and media sample 214 was beingcaptured at block 402.

At block 908, control circuitry 304 determines whether the activityidentifier generated at block 906 is to be stored locally in storage 308of computing device 202 or remotely in storage 326 of server 204 and/orcloud storage 206. If the activity identifier is to be stored locally(“COMPUTING DEVICE” at block 908), then control passes to block 910, atwhich control circuitry 304 stores the activity identifier in storage308 in association with the media sample identifier 602 of media sample214, for example, under the activity identifier field 612 for entry630-1 (FIG. 6 ). If the activity identifier is to be stored remotely(“SERVER/CLOUD” at block 908), then control passes to block 912, atwhich control circuitry 304 communicates the activity identifier toserver 204 and/or cloud storage 206 via communication network 208 forstorage at block 918 (described below).

If control was passed from block 902 to block 914 (“SERVER-DETERMINED”at block 902), then at block 914 control circuitry 322 obtains activityinformation associated with the captured media sample 214 in a mannersimilar to that described above for control circuitry 304 in the contextof block 904. At block 916, control circuitry 322 generates an activityidentifier based on the activity obtained at block 914. The activityidentifier generated at block 916 may include an activity the carrier ofcomputing device 202 was engaged in when computing device 202 begancapturing media sample 214, when it ceased capturing media sample 214,and/or at some time in between the beginning and end of media sample 214capture at block 402. If control was passed to block 918 by way of block916, then at block 918, control circuitry 322 stores in storage 326and/or cloud storage 206, the activity identifier generated at block916. If, on the other hand, control was passed to block 918 by way ofblock 912, then at block 918, control circuitry 322 stores in storage326 and/or cloud storage 206, the activity identifier communicated toserver 204 at block 912.

FIG. 10 is an example flowchart of a process for obtaining an identifierof a second computing device that is associated with a first computingdevice that has captured a media sample, in accordance with someembodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 includes a flowchart of another illustrative process 404-4,showing additional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 may obtain contextual information at block 404(FIG. 4 ), in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, inprocess 404-4, the contextual information includes information regardinga computing device associated with computing device 202 which capturedmedia sample 214 at block 402 (FIG. 4 ), such as information identifyinga computing device of an acquaintance who was near computing device 202during capture of the media sample 214, or who associated with computingdevice 202 by virtue of a social media connection, and/or the like. Invarious aspects, computing device 202 (e.g., control circuitry 304)and/or server(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry 322) may be configured togenerate the associated device information in process 404-4. Ifcomputing device 202 (e.g., control circuitry 304) is configured togenerate the associated device information(“COMPUTING-DEVICE-DETERMINED” at block 1002), then control passes toblock 1004. If one or more of server(s) 204 (e.g., control circuitry322) are configured to generate the associated device information(“SERVER-DETERMINED” at block 1002), then control passes to block 1014.

At block 1004, control circuitry 304 obtains information about one ormore computing devices that are associated with the computing device 202that captured media sample 214. For example, control circuitry 304 mayobtain the associated device information based on location informationobtained from geo-location subsystem 334 working in conjunction with ageo-location system, such as satellites 210 (e.g., based on a globalpositioning system, such as GPS) and/or radiolocation transceivers 212,of system 200 (FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 ). For example, the location informationmay indicate a location or range of locations of computing device 202during or shortly after capture of media sample 214 at block 402 (FIG. 4). Control circuitry 322 of the server(s) 204 may be configured toseparately obtain location information for multiple computing devices(including computing device 202) and then determine which, if any, othercomputing devices are located within a particular location range ofcomputing device 202 at or near a time when computing device 202 wascapturing media sample 214 at block 402 (FIG. 4 ). Additionally oralternatively, control circuitry 304 may detect a nearby computingdevice by way of a wireless communication subsystem (e.g., I/O path 302)of the computing device 202 and identify that nearby computing device asbeing in proximity with the computing device 202.

As another example, at block 1004 control circuitry 304 may obtain theassociated device information from a social media system or application,which may be installed on computing device 202 or may be hosted by aserver accessible via communication network 208. Control circuitry 304may identify a social media account registered to computing device 202,then identify one or more other social media accounts linked to thesocial media account registered to computing device 202, and thenidentify, as computing devices associated with computing device 202, oneor more computing devices with which those other social media accountsare registered.

In some aspects, if contextual information (particularly associatedcomputing device information) was stored in the manner described aboveat block 506 and/or block 512, during capturing of media sample 214,then at block 1004 control circuitry 304 may obtain the associateddevice information from storage 308. At block 1006, control circuitry304 generates an associated device identifier based on the associateddevice information obtained at block 1004. The associated deviceidentifier generated at block 1006 may be a copy of the associateddevice information obtained at block 1004 or may be derived from thatassociated device information. For instance, the associated deviceidentifier may include a social media account identifier indicating asocial media account registered to the computing device determined to beassociated with computing device 202.

At block 1008, control circuitry 304 determines whether the associateddevice identifier generated at block 1006 is to be stored locally instorage 308 of computing device 202 or remotely in storage 326 of server204 and/or cloud storage 206. If the associated device identifier is tobe stored locally (“COMPUTING DEVICE” at block 1008), then controlpasses to block 1010, at which control circuitry 304 stores theassociated device identifier in storage 308 in association with themedia sample identifier 602 of media sample 214, for example, under theassociated device identifier field 614 for entry 630-1 (FIG. 6 ). If theassociated device identifier is to be stored remotely (“SERVER/CLOUD” atblock 1008), then control passes to block 1012, at which controlcircuitry 304 communicates the associated device identifier to server204 and/or cloud storage 206 via communication network 208 for storageat block 1018 (described below).

If control was passed from block 1002 to block 1014 (“SERVER-DETERMINED”at block 1002), then at block 1014 control circuitry 322 obtainsinformation about one or more computing devices that are associated withcomputing device 202 that captured media sample 214, in a manner similarto that described above for control circuitry 304 in the context ofblock 1004. At block 1016, control circuitry 322 generates an associateddevice identifier based on the associated device information obtained atblock 1014. If control was passed to block 1018 by way of block 1016,then at block 1018, control circuitry 322 stores in storage 326 and/orcloud storage 206, the associated device identifier generated at block1016. If, on the other hand, control was passed to block 1018 by way ofblock 1012, then at block 1018, control circuitry 322 stores in storage326 and/or cloud storage 206, the associated device identifiercommunicated to server 204 at block 1012.

FIG. 11 depicts an illustrative flowchart of process 410, showingadditional details regarding how control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 may search, at block 410 (FIG. 4 ), the media assetdatabase 330 for the related media asset and/or other data. At block1102, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 generates amedia fingerprint according to known processes based on the media sample1102 captured at block 402 of FIG. 4 . At block 1104, control circuitry304 and/or control circuitry 322 search media asset database 330, whichmay reside in storage 308, in storage 326, and/or in cloud storage 206,for a media fingerprint that matches the fingerprint generated at block1102. If a match is found (“YES” at block 1106), then control passes toblock 1108. If a match is not found (“NO” at block 1108), then controlpasses to block 1110. At block 1108, control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 retrieve from the media asset database 330 adigital copy of the media asset that corresponds to the matched mediafingerprint, metadata of that media asset, and/or the like.

In some aspects, at block 1110, control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 determine whether any additional media assets areassociated with the media fingerprint generated at block 1102. Forexample, if the media sample captured at block 402 (FIG. 4 ) is an audiosample, and the media fingerprint generated at block 1102 is an audiofingerprint based on the audio sample, control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 may identify, in the database, an associationbetween the audio fingerprint and a video media asset and may determinethat the captured audio sample is associated with the video media asset.In this manner, for instance, if the computing device 202 captures anaudio portion of a movie that is playing nearby, the computing device202 may identify the movie based on the identified audio portion. Ifcontrol circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 determine thatanother media asset is associated with the media fingerprint generatedat block 1102 (“YES” at block 1110), then control passes to block 1112,at which control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 retrievefrom the media asset database 330 the additional media asset (e.g., adigital copy of the media asset, metadata of that media asset, and/orthe like). Following block 1112, or if control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 determine that no other media asset is associatedwith the media fingerprint generated at block 1102 (“NO” at block 1110),then the process 410 terminates.

FIG. 12 depicts an illustrative flowchart of a process 1200 for handlingand replying to a contextual query based on media samples (such as mediasample 214) automatically captured by a computing device (such ascomputing device 202), in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure. At block 1202, control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 receive a query entered by way of computing device 202(e.g., via user input interface 310, microphone 316, and/or the like).Although the query includes one or more criteria (e.g., contextualcriteria), the query lacks an identifier of a media asset. At block1204, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 parse the queryto extract the one or more criteria included therein.

At block 1206, based on the criteria extracted from the query at block1204, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 determinewhether the query involves another computing device (e.g., a computingdevice other than the computing device 202 from which the query wasreceived at block 1202). For example, if the query mentions anacquaintance (e.g., Sally 106 from the query 114 in FIG. 1 ), thencontrol circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 may determine atblock 1206 that the query involves Sally's computing device 112. Asanother example, the query may request “music that Sally heard at lunchearlier today,” in which case control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 may determine at block 1206 that the query involvesSally's computing device 112 as well. If the query lacks any mention ofan acquaintance, then control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322may determine at block 1206 that the query does not involve anothercomputing device. If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322determine that the query involves another computing device (“YES” atblock 1206), then control passes to block 1208. If control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 determine that the query does not involveanother computing device (“NO” at block 1206), then control bypassesblock 1208 and passes to block 1210.

At block 1208, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322identify the one or more other involved computing devices based on anassociation between the computing devices indicated in database 600(FIG. 6 ). For instance, control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry322 may identify a link between computing device 202 and the otherinvolved computing device(s) by searching the database 600 for entriesthat include an identifier of computing device 202 as the capturingdevice identifier (field 606) or the associated device identifier (field614). For each entry in database 600 that includes the identifier ofcomputing device 202 as the capturing device identifier (field 606),control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 may retrieve, as apossible candidate for the other involved device, the associated deviceidentifier (field 614) in that entry. For each entry that includes theidentifier of computing device 202 as the associated device identifier(field 614), control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 mayretrieve, as a possible candidate for the other involved device, thecapturing device identifier (field 606) in that entry. Control circuitry304 and/or control circuitry 322 may identify, within the pool ofpossible candidates for the other involved device, the computing deviceof the acquaintance mentioned in the query. For example, the capturingdevice identifiers (field 606) and/or the associated device identifiers(field 614) may include names of people registered to the respectivecomputing devices. In this manner, control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 may search the pool of possible candidates for the otherinvolved device for the name of the acquaintance mentioned in the query.

At block 1210, based on the criteria (e.g., contextual criteria, such astime, location, activity, or associated device information, as describedabove in the context of FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , and FIG. 10 ,respectively) extracted from the query at block 1204, control circuitry304 and/or control circuitry 322 search database 600 to identify anentry that is targeted in the query, even though the query lacks anidentifier of a media sample or a corresponding media asset identifier.For instance, if the query includes a time or time range (e.g., today,yesterday, this afternoon, 4:00 PM, and/or the like), control circuitry304 and/or control circuitry 322 may search database 600 to identify, aspossible candidates for the entry targeted in the query, entries havingtime identifiers (field 608) that match the time or time rangereferenced in the query. Similarly, if the query includes a location orlocation range (e.g., at home, in a restaurant, and/or the like),control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 may search database600 to identify, as possible candidates for the entry targeted in thequery, entries having location identifiers (field 610) that match thelocation or location range referenced in the query. If the querymentions an activity (e.g., traveling in a taxi), control circuitry 304and/or control circuitry 322 may search database 600 to identify, aspossible candidates for the entry targeted in the query, entries havingactivity identifiers (field 612) that match the activity referenced inthe query. If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322identify at block 1212 only single entry as the entry targeted in thequery, then control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 may storethat single entry (e.g., a media sample identifier or othercorresponding identifier) in storage 308 and/or 326 for responding tothe query. If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322identify at block 1212 multiple entries as possible candidates for theentry targeted in the query, then control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 may: (1) store the multiple entries (or correspondingidentifiers) in storage 308 and/or 326 for responding to the query(e.g., by presenting the candidate entries, or identifiers, sequentiallyor in a list) and/or (2) narrow down the multiple entries to the singletargeted entry or a smaller number of possible entries (e.g., byidentifying the entry or entries that satisfy all of multiple contextualcriteria included in the query), and store the narrowed down entry(ies)in storage 308 and/or 326 for responding to the query. If no match isfound based on the searching at block 1210 (“NO” at block 1212), thencontrol passes to block 1214, at which control circuitry 304 and/orcontrol circuitry 322 generate a query reply indicating that not matchis found. If, on the other hand, one or more matches are found based onthe searching at block 1210 (“YES” at block 1212), then control passesto block 1216.

The query may request one or more different types of information. Forexample, the query may request playback of a media sample (e.g., mediasample 214). The query may request playback of a media asset (e.g., asong of which the media sample 214 has been determined at block 410(FIG. 4 and FIG. 11 ) to be a portion). As another example, the querymay request a name of a song heard earlier today, which may be reflectedas media asset metadata (e.g., indicated in a title field 620-1 of thedatabase 600 in FIG. 6 ). At block 1216, based on the criteria extractedfrom the query at block 1204, control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 determine whether the query requests playback of a mediasample, playback of a media asset, or other data (e.g., media assetmetadata). If control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322determines that the query requests playback of a media sample or mediaasset (“PLAYBACK” at block 1216), then control passes to block 1218, atwhich control circuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 generate areply to the query by playing back (e.g., by way of display 312 and/orspeaker 314) the targeted media sample(s) or media asset(s) identifiedat block 1210. If control circuitry 322 of server 204 generates thereply, then control circuitry 322 may communicate the reply to computingdevice 202 by way of I/O path 320, communication 208, and I/O path 302for presentation to the user of computing device 202. If controlcircuitry 304 and/or control circuitry 322 determines that the queryrequests media asset metadata (“DATA” at block 1216), then controlpasses to block 1220, at which control circuitry 304 and/or controlcircuitry 322 generate a reply to the query by presenting (e.g., by wayof display 312 and/or speaker 314) the targeted media asset metadataidentified at block 1210.

The processes discussed above are intended to be illustrative and notlimiting. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the actions ofthe processes discussed herein may be omitted, modified, combined,and/or rearranged, and any additional actions may be performed withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. More generally, the abovedisclosure is meant to be exemplary and not limiting. Only the claimsthat follow are meant to set bounds as to what the present disclosureincludes. Furthermore, it should be noted that the features andlimitations described in any one embodiment may be applied to any otherembodiment herein, and flowcharts or examples relating to one embodimentmay be combined with any other embodiment in a suitable manner, done indifferent orders, or done in parallel. In addition, the systems andmethods described herein may be performed in real time. It should alsobe noted that the systems and/or methods described above may be appliedto, or used in accordance with, other systems and/or methods.

1-34. (canceled)
 35. A method comprising: receiving a media sample of amedia asset automatically captured by an electronic device; determininga location at which the media sample was captured; generating a locationidentifier corresponding to the location at which the media sample wascaptured; obtaining contextual information corresponding to the receivedmedia sample, wherein the contextual information includes the generatedlocation identifier; storing the media sample in a memory indexed by thecontextual information; receiving a query that includes the location ofmedia sample capture, wherein the query lacks an identifier of the mediaasset; identifying the media sample in the memory by matching thequeried location to the location identifier; and generating a reply tothe query based on a result of the identifying.
 36. The method of claim35, further comprising: receiving a second query that identifies a timeof media sample capture, wherein the second query lacks an identifier ofthe media asset; and determining the location at which the media samplewas captured based on the time identified in the second query.
 37. Themethod of claim 35, wherein the location identified in the query iswithin a range of location where the media sample is captured.
 38. Themethod of claim 35, wherein the location identified in the query is alocation at which the electronic device was located within apredetermined time interval of the media sample capture.
 39. The methodof claim 35, wherein the location identifier includes a start locationand an end location of the electronic device during the media samplecapture.
 40. The method of claim 35, further comprising: receiving athird query that identifies an activity performed by a user of theelectronic device, wherein the query lacks an identifier of the mediaasset; and determining the location at which the media sample wascaptured based on the activity identified in the third query.
 41. Themethod of claim 40, further comprising generating an activity identifiercorresponding to the activity performed by the user of the electronicdevice; and associating the activity identifier with the contextualinformation.
 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the activity performedrelates to transportation.
 43. The method of claim 35, wherein thelocation is obtained from a global positioning system associated withthe electronic device.
 44. The method of claim 35, wherein thecontextual information relates a context in which the media sample wascaptured.
 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the context relates to thelocation at which the media sample was captured.
 46. A systemcomprising: communications circuitry configured to communicate with anelectronic device; and control circuitry configured to: receive a mediasample of a media asset automatically captured by the electronic device;determine a location at which the media sample was captured; generate alocation identifier corresponding to the location at which the mediasample was captured; obtain contextual information corresponding to thereceived media sample, wherein the contextual information includes thegenerated location identifier; store the media sample in a memoryindexed by the contextual information; receive a query that includes thelocation of media sample capture, wherein the query lacks an identifierof the media asset; identify the media sample in the memory by matchingthe queried location to the location identifier; and generate a reply tothe query based on a result of the identifying.
 47. The system of claim46, further comprising, the control circuitry configured to: receive asecond query that identifies a time of media sample capture, wherein thesecond query lacks an identifier of the media asset; and determine thelocation at which the media sample was captured based on the timeidentified in the second query.
 48. The system of claim 46, wherein thelocation identified in the query is within a range of location where themedia sample is captured.
 49. The system of claim 46, wherein thelocation identified in the query is a location at which the electronicdevice was located within a predetermined time interval of the mediasample capture.
 50. The system of claim 46, wherein the locationidentifier includes a start location and an end location of theelectronic device during the media sample capture.
 51. The system ofclaim 46, further comprising, the control circuitry configured to:receive a third query that identifies an activity performed by a user ofthe electronic device, wherein the query lacks an identifier of themedia asset; and determine the location at which the media sample wascaptured based on the activity identified in the third query.
 52. Thesystem of claim 40, further comprising, the control circuitry configuredto generate an activity identifier corresponding to the activityperformed by the user of the electronic device; and associate theactivity identifier with the contextual information.
 53. The system ofclaim 46, wherein the location is obtained from a global positioningsystem associated with the electronic device.
 54. The system of claim46, wherein the contextual information relates a context in which themedia sample was captured.